I do not think all your issues are tied together. It appears you have several different issues.
For the phantom tilt, the machine thinks that the playfield tilt (switch 9) is being activated when you have two balls in the trough and hit the left flipper switch. This scenario is forming a magic rectangle (square) with switches 9, 10, 17 & 18. One of the three closed switches (10, 17 or 18) is causing the problem with a failed diode. You need to check and test the diodes on these switches to find out which one has failed and replace it.
For the ramp switch, have you tested it in game or in diagnostics to make sure it is registering a hit. Normally, if you have a bad switch notification and then that switch is activated in game, it clears the notification. I don't believe this is related to your tilt issue because the switch is too far "away" in the matrix to be part of that problem. If you can't get the alert to clear when you know for sure the switch has registered, you may have some other problem.
For the intermittent target reset, you have some type of power problem. I'd carefully inspect the connections to the solenoid and make sure that you have power to solenoids upstream and downstream of the target reset (this assumes you have tested and have no problems with the target switches themselves.)
Lastly, for the blue lights on the chest plate, do the "Shoot Again", "Score Energy" (under the left ramp) and "Score Energy Value" (in front of the left ramp) light as well in the lamp test? This will tell you whether or not you have a column driver problem or a wiring problem.
viperrwk