Generally, yes.
-03's and -02's provide the same voltages. The only difference is that the -03 is modified to allow slightly more current on the +12 and -5V outputs. (So an -03 is a little 'beefier' than an -02. Therefore you technically can always use an -03 in place of an -02, for games like Star Wars, Centipede, etc, that use -02's.)
Most games that use the +12 and -5V only use those voltages for audio, which draws a certain amount of current. However Missile Command also uses tri-voltage RAM, which increases the current draw on the +12 and -5, more than other boards that don't use tri-voltage RAM. Hence why they modified the AR.
I've never measured to see exactly how much current an MC game board draws on the +12 and -5, and how close it comes to maxing out the regulators on an -02. But I don't think it's that close. I personally have run an -02 in an MC cabaret and had no problems. But every board draws slightly different amounts of current, depending on the brand of chips used, etc. So there's some margin between what an MC game board draws, and the max that the AR can provide. And with manufacturing variation, maybe it's possible to get some cases where a specific cab might not work with an -02, if there isn't enough margin.
In theory, the worst that would happen is glitching and random resetting. But I think there are far more documented cases of people running -02's in MC's with no problems, than folks that have had issues. So I think there's enough margin for -02's to be fine in most cases.
Bottom line, it's fine to try an -02 in a MC. And if the game runs fine, you're fine.