I've seen it happen and all that resulted was a blown fuse.
Assume for a moment that the cap is in the highest voltage line that is not HV (as that typically goes straight from the flyback to the tube). This means that you may have about +160vdc at most that just shorted to ground, pulling your amp draw out the roof. Hopefully the fuse would blow, although whatever the weakest point in that circuit (resistor, diode, etc) is going to be the part that dies. It could conceivably take you quite a while to trace through that circuit (in both directions) to find all the parts that failed (could be more than one). Also, as the chassis is mounted to the frame, and you just ran a bunch of voltage to it, anything on the ground circuit could have gotten a huge jolt on the ground pin - including the video proccessing IC.
Still, check your fuse, change the cap (just in case), and see what it does. And let us know the make and model next time if you want more specific answers.
On a side not - the admin either needs to move this forum below the Monitor forum, or delete the Monitor forum altogether, as it seems we get 2-3 monitor help question in here every day, instead of in the forum created especially for it....