I've never seen a particularly focused resource about this.
Typically if the company was of Japanese origin (Sega, Nintendo, Taito, etc.) the cocktails were imported from Japan. I don't think Nintendo manufactured any cocktail cabinets in the U.S., for example. They did however build uprights in the U.S.
This isn't always the case though, as Qix (designed in America) had different type of cocktail cabinet made in the U.S. which was used by Jungle Hunt even though that game was designed in Japan. Japan had a different Jungle King/Hunt cocktail cabinet, typical Taito type. In Japan though, T.T. Qix used the standard Japanese Taito cocktail cabinet design. On, Space Invaders I/II cocktails, Taito just slapped English stickers on top of the Japanese CPs.
Sega would in some cases build cabinets in the USA - Zaxxon and Congo Bongo were Japanese designed games, but the uprights used the U.S.-built Convert-a-cab as there were no dedicated uprights in Japan. The cocktails were built in Japan however and are the same here or Japan, aside from instruction card verbiage, any name change (Tip Top in Japan to Congo Bongo in the U.S.A.), voltages, etc. That said, the cocktail cabinets for Space Fury (a game designed in America) used cocktail cabinets built in Japan - likely assembled in the U.S. though.
Sometimes Japanese games were licensed to other companies within Japan - ever seen a Tehkan Donkey Kong?
I second that emotion, can find precious little on the subject. All I really know is what people here tell me, and you know how reliable that is!!
Thanks.